Speed with constraints attached

Concorde could carry about 100 passengers across the Atlantic in under four hours at roughly twice the speed of sound. That performance was extraordinary, but high operating costs, expensive fares, noise restrictions, and route limits narrowed the set of travelers and airlines for whom it could work.

A real service, not a mass market

Air France and British Airways began commercial service in 1976, and Concorde flew passengers for more than a quarter-century before retirement in 2003. Its history supports two truths at once: the aircraft achieved sustained supersonic service, and it did not prove the economics of broadly accessible supersonic travel.